Skip to main content
Office high rise buildings photographed from below. Office high rise buildings photographed from below.

Music Publisher, Record Label, and CMO Responsibilities


3 min read


What is the responsibility of music publishers, record labels, and CMOs in the royalty process?

Music publishers, record labels and CMOs need to know what was created and by whom in order to pay creators.

Music Publishers

Typically, A company that represents songwriters, supporting their career development, monetizing musical works, and protecting copyrights. ​​​ are responsible for the Data that describes other data, for example, information that describes creators, other rights holders, musical works, and sound recordings. including Unique alphanumeric codes used to identify creators, rights holders, musical works, and sound recordings. that relate to the songwriter’s identity and the The ownership of rights in a song under copyright law ownership of a An original musical composition with or without lyrics.. This metadata is used for The process of granting permission to use copyrighted material, such as a musical work or sound recording. the musical work and collecting and distributing income to Anyone who contributes to creating or performing a ​​musical work, a live performance, or a sound recording. and music publishers.

Metadata from music publishers usually makes its way into the The interconnected network of creators, organizations, and companies with different roles​​ who work to create, produce, perform, distribute, promote, manage, and monetize musical works and sound recordings. via the musical work’s The process of submitting information relating to musical works and sound recordings to an appropriate registration body, for example, copyright ownership information submitted to a Collective Management Organization or copyright office. with a Collective Management Organization: An organization that acts collectively on behalf of the rights holders it represents and collects and pays remuneration to rights holders.. The metadata is needed to track uses of musical works for and manage payments to CMOs, music publishers, and A person who makes an original contribution to the creation of a musical composition or lyrics..

Explore more about music publishers in our topic, The Music Industry Ecosystem.

But if you’re an independent creator without a music publisher, then this will be your responsibility. See our page on Creators’ Responsibility.

Even if you have a music publisher or A person who represents the interests of one or multiple creators,​​ ​​​​including artists, songwriters,​​ music producers, or other roles., there is no one other than you, the creator, who better knows the truth about who contributed to the creation of a musical work or sound recording, so capture the information in any way possible. See our page on Creator’s Responsibilities.

Record labels

Typically, A ​​​​​​company that invests in, manufactures, distributes, promotes, and ​​monetizes sound recordings on behalf of the ​​artist. are responsible for the metadata related to the Typically, the recorded performance of a musical work protected as a phonogram under copyright law. including In the context of music, a creator playing a musical work live or on a sound recording.. The metadata is needed to track a sound recording’s usage and manage payments to Under copyright law, the person or company responsible for the creation of the sound recording., In the context of music, a solo performer or group of performers who perform a musical work live or recorded., and other In the context of music, a creator playing a musical work live or on a sound recording..

Record labels will register the sound recording and metadata with their CMO. They will also provide metadata to music users they A form of permission given to use copyrighted material, such as a musical work or sound recording, under certain conditions and usually for a fee. directly, such as Digital Service Provider: an online platform that provides streaming or download services to consumers..

Explore more about Record labels in our topic, The Music Industry Ecosystem.

But if you’re an A creator who does not have a contractual agreement with a record label and or music publisher. without a record label, then this will be your responsibility.

Even if you have a record label or manager, there is no one other than you, the performer, who better knows the truth about your contribution to the creation of the sound recording, so capture the information in any way possible. See our page on Creator’s Responsibilities.

Collective Management Organisations

CMOs are typically mandated collect and distribute renumerations, royalties and other payments, both inside and outside of the country in which they are based. They will, therefore, license the use of musical works and sound recordings they administer and collect In the context of music, it is used to describe the use of a musical work or sound recording, for example, the type and number of streams or radio plays. data and fees from The person or entity that obtains a license to use copyrighted material, such as a musical work or sound recording..

Explore licensing further in our Licensing topic.

To do their job, CMOs will manage and exchange metadata with licensees and other CMOs so that creators and other rights holders can receive payments they are entitled to when their musical works and sound recordings are used. However, CMOs are reliant on the metadata from record labels, music publishers, songwriters, and performers in order to To manage music-related rights and royalties on behalf of rights holders. The controls creators or rights holders have over what they have created or produced and over their identity and image. and payments fairly and accurately.

If you’re an independent creator without a music publisher or record label, then this will be your responsibility. Your CMO will provide the necessary tools and information for you to provide the correct metadata when you register musical works and sound recordings.

See our page on Creator’s Responsibilities and explore more about CMOs in our topic, The Music Industry Ecosystem.

Image credit: Markuza